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On the eve of World War II, Soviet archives indicate a combined camp and colony population upwards of 1.6 million in 1939, according to V. P. Kozlov. [62] Anne Applebaum and Steven Rosefielde estimate that 1.2 to 1.5 million people were in Gulag system's prison camps and colonies when the war started. [65] [66]
The Vorkuta camp was established by Soviet authorities a year later in 1932 for the expansion of the Gulag system and the discovery of coal fields by the river Vorkuta, on a site in the basin of the Pechora River, located within the Komi ASSR of the Russian SFSR (present-day Komi Republic, Russia), approximately 1,900 kilometres (1,200 mi) from ...
Unlike Gulag camps, located primarily in remote areas (mostly in Siberia), most of the POW camps after the war were located in the European part of the Soviet Union (with notable exceptions of the Japanese POW in the Soviet Union), where the prisoners worked on restoration of the country's infrastructure destroyed during the war: roads ...
From 2005 onwards there was an annual international forum at Perm-36, called "Pilorama" ("The Sawmill" (more precisely "Power-saw bench") ru:Пилорама (форум), with meetings It brought together famous people, film screenings, exhibitions and concerts and attracted thousands of people, including former prisoners and human rights activists, including the Human Rights Commissioner in ...
On September 19, 1939, Lavrenty Beria (the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs) ordered Pyotr Soprunenko to set up the NKVD Administration for Affairs of Prisoners of War and Internees to manage camps for Polish prisoners. The following camps were established to hold members of the Polish Army: Yukhnovo (rail station of Babynino), Yuzhe
A corrective colony (Russian: исправительная колония, romanized: ispravitelnaya koloniya, abbr. ИК/IK) is the most common type of prison in Russia and some other post-Soviet states. [further explanation needed] Such colonies combine penal detention with compulsory work (penal labor).
Gulag or Glavnoye Upravleniye Lagerej was a system of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union. The Gulag penal system was restricted, with little to no communication between different camps, and were not discussed in the wider Soviet society. [4] As a result, each camp developed its own culture and set of rules, each functioning as distinct ...
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