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In sign languages, the term classifier construction (also known as classifier predicates) refers to a morphological system that can express events and states. [1] They use handshape classifiers to represent movement, location, and shape. Classifiers differ from signs in their morphology, namely that signs consist of a single morpheme.
Stokoe notation (/ ˈ s t oʊ k i / STOH-kee) is the first [1] phonemic script used for sign languages.It was created by William Stokoe for American Sign Language (ASL), with Latin letters and numerals used for the shapes they have in fingerspelling, and iconic glyphs to transcribe the position, movement, and orientation of the hands.
Handshapes – Can be written before or after the locative. A handshape can be oriented in 360° depending on its location and is written at the end of its movement path if there is one. Each handshape present is written, and when more than one handshape (of one hand) is written, a movement must be present.
Different hand shapes account for different meaning. 'C' handshape 'Y' handshape. There are 5 official parameters in American Sign Language that dictate meaning and grammar. [25] There is a 6th honorary parameter known as proximalization. [26] Signs can share several of the same parameters.
For example, the 5 and F handshapes (the approximate shapes of the hand in fingerspelling 5 and F) only make contact with another part of the body through the tip of the thumb, whereas the K and 8 (a.k.a. Y) handshapes only make contact through the tip of the middle finger, and the X handshape only with the flexed joint of the index finger.
Like SignFont and Stokoe notation, ASL-phabet is a phonemic script, but it has been simplified to the point where there is some ambiguity, that is, one symbol can represent more than one phonemic element (handshape, location or movement). For example, whereas SignFont has 25 letters encoding types of movement, and Stokoe notation has 24, ASL ...
Classifiers are absent or marginal in European languages. An example of a possible classifier in English is piece in phrases like "three pieces of paper". In American Sign Language, particular classifier handshapes represent a noun's orientation in space.
The Hamburg Sign Language Notation System (HamNoSys) is a transcription system for all sign languages (including American sign language). It has a direct correspondence between symbols and gesture aspects, such as hand location, shape and movement. [1] It was developed in 1984 at the University of Hamburg, Germany. [2]