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Belgium created huge debts during times when rates were low and generated new debts to service the initial debt. Its debts amounted to about 130% of the GDP in 1992 and were increased to about 108,2% in 2001. [152] This drastic economic policy resulted in deep budget spending cuts, such as cuts to scientific research. [citation needed]
On the other hand, in Italy the Parliament consists of two chambers that have the same role and power: the Senate (Senate of the Republic, commonly considered the upper house) and the Chamber of Deputies (considered the lower house). The main difference among the two chambers is the way the two chambers are composed: the deputies, in fact, are ...
At first reluctant to accept, [21] he eventually took up the offer, and after an enthusiastic popular welcome on his way to Brussels, [22] Leopold I of Belgium took his oath as king on 21 July 1831. 21 July is generally used to mark the end of the revolution and the start of the Kingdom of Belgium. It is celebrated each year as Belgian National ...
The territory of Belgium varied little over the period. Belgium's border with the Netherlands was almost the same as that which had been created after the Dutch Revolt in the early 17th century, and its western border was almost the same as those of the 18th-century polities the Austrian Netherlands and Prince-Bishopric of Liège. [1]
It was originally made up of two houses: La Chaloupe (Dutch: De Boot; "The Boat") and La Taupe (Dutch: De Mol; "The Mole"), which the former Corporation of Tailors had acquired around 1500. It was destined to become the centre of a monumental façade covering the entire north-eastern side, which was refused by the owners of the neighbouring houses.
The Federal Parliament (Dutch: Federaal Parlement; [b] French: Parlement fédéral; [c] German: Föderales Parlament [d]) is the bicameral parliament of Belgium. It consists of the Chamber of Representatives (lower house) and the Senate (upper house). It sits in the Palace of the Nation in the centre of the nation's capital, Brussels.
Belgium, [a] officially the Kingdom of Belgium, [b] is a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries , it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to the south, and the North Sea to the west.
Belgium is the only extant European monarchy in which the heir to the throne does not ascend immediately upon the death or abdication of his or her predecessor. According to Article 91 of the Belgian constitution, the heir accedes to the throne only upon taking a constitutional oath before a joint session of the two Houses of Parliament. [39]