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A mirror image (in a plane mirror) is a reflected duplication of an object that appears almost identical, but is reversed in the direction perpendicular to the mirror surface. As an optical effect , it results from specular reflection off from surfaces of lustrous materials, especially a mirror or water .
The terms horizontal (h) and vertical (v), and the corresponding subscripts, refer to the additional mirror plane, that can be parallel to the rotation axis (vertical) or perpendicular to the rotation axis (horizontal). The simplest nontrivial axial groups are equivalent to the abstract group Z 2: C i (equivalent to S 2) – inversion symmetry
The image of a figure by a reflection is its mirror image in the axis or plane of reflection. For example the mirror image of the small Latin letter p for a reflection with respect to a vertical axis (a vertical reflection) would look like q. Its image by reflection in a horizontal axis (a horizontal reflection) would look like b.
Therefore, the transparency is placed face up (toward the mirror and focusing lens), in contrast with a 35mm slide projector or film projector (which lack such a mirror) where the slide's image is non-reversed on the side opposite the focusing lens. A related invention for enlarging transparent images is the solar camera.
The image in a plane mirror is not magnified (that is, the image is the same size as the object) and appears to be as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror. A diverging lens (one that is thicker at the edges than the middle) or a concave mirror forms a virtual image. Such an image is reduced in size when compared to the ...
Figure 2: anisotropic reflectance characteristics of the mirror system. Left: Photographs of a laser beam and a thin vertical line of light from the video projector as reflected by the holographic diffuser and mirror toward the viewer. The horizontal width represented in each image is four degrees.
Vertical axis mirror ambigrams find clever applications in mirror writing (or specular writing), that is formed by writing in the direction that is the reverse of the natural way for a given language, such that the result is the mirror image of normal writing: it appears normal when it is reflected in a mirror. For example, the word "ambulance ...
The Museum of Illusions refers to this type of mirror as an "antigravity mirror" because as it rotates once around the line-of-sight axis, the reflected image rotates twice, appearing upside-down when the joint is horizontal. Another type of non-reversing mirror can be made by making the mirror concave (curved inward like a bowl).