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For example, X 1 X 2 does not equal X 2 X 1. More generally, one can construct the free algebra R E on any set E of generators. Since rings may be regarded as Z-algebras, a free ring on E can be defined as the free algebra Z E . Over a field, the free algebra on n indeterminates can be constructed as the tensor algebra on an n-dimensional ...
Macaulay2 is built around fast implementations of algorithms useful for computation in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry. This core functionality includes arithmetic on rings, modules, and matrices, as well as algorithms for Gröbner bases , free resolutions , Hilbert series , determinants and Pfaffians , factoring , and similar.
Every vector space is a free module, [1] but, if the ring of the coefficients is not a division ring (not a field in the commutative case), then there exist non-free modules. Given any set S and ring R, there is a free R-module with basis S, which is called the free module on S or module of formal R-linear combinations of the elements of S.
The universal enveloping algebra of a free Lie algebra on a set X is the free associative algebra generated by X.By the Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorem it is the "same size" as the symmetric algebra of the free Lie algebra (meaning that if both sides are graded by giving elements of X degree 1 then they are isomorphic as graded vector spaces).
In mathematics, the idea of a free object is one of the basic concepts of abstract algebra. Informally, a free object over a set A can be thought of as being a "generic" algebraic structure over A : the only equations that hold between elements of the free object are those that follow from the defining axioms of the algebraic structure.
The Hasse diagram of the free Boolean algebra on two generators, p and q. Take p (left circle) to be "John is tall" and q (right circle)to be "Mary is rich". The atoms are the four elements in the row just above FALSE. The generators of a free Boolean algebra can represent independent propositions. Consider, for example, the propositions "John ...