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Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market after approval. The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents.
A hepatotoxin (Gr., hepato = liver) is a toxic chemical substance that damages the liver.. It can be a side-effect, but hepatotoxins are also found naturally, such as microcystins and pyrrolizidine alkaloids, or in laboratory environments, such as carbon tetrachloride, or far more pervasively in the form of ethanol (drinking alcohol).
Myelosupression, embryo-fetal toxicity, hepatotoxicity (rare) [19] Trabectedin: IV Alkylates DNA. Advanced liposarcoma and leimyosarcoma Bone marrow suppression, rhabdomyolysis, embryo-fetal toxicity, capillary leak syndrome, hepatotoxicity [20] 1.10 Platinum compounds: Carboplatin: IV: Reacts with DNA, inducing apoptosis, non-cell cycle specific.
The first reports of serious liver toxicity with nefazodone were published in 1998 and 1999. [40] [41] These instances were quickly followed by many additional cases. [42] [22] [23] [24] In 2002 the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) obligated BMS to add a black box warning about potential fatal liver toxicity to the drug label.
SCH28080—the prototypical potassium-competitive acid blocker which has not found clinical use because of liver toxicity in animal trials and elevated liver enzyme activity in the serum of human volunteers. [7] Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines: Tenatoprazole—it blocks the gastric proton pump leading to decline of gastric acid production.
Risk factors for toxicity include alcoholism, malnutrition, and the taking of certain other hepatotoxic medications. [1] Liver damage results not from paracetamol itself, but from one of its metabolites, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). [6] NAPQI decreases the liver's glutathione and directly damages cells in the liver. [7]