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Spina bifida (SB; /ˌspaɪnə ˈbɪfɪdə/, [9] Latin for 'split spine') [10] is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. [1] There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. [1]
Paralysis below the spinal bifida defect [4] III Associated with an occipital encephalocele containing a variety of abnormal neuroectodermal tissues as well as possible herniation of elements of cerebellum, brainstem, and occipital lobe. Syringomyelia, tethered cord, and hydrocephalus may also be seen. [4] [45] Abundant neurological deficits [4 ...
Paralysis is most often caused by damage in the nervous system, especially the spinal cord.Other major causes are stroke, trauma with nerve injury, poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, peripheral neuropathy, Parkinson's disease, ALS, botulism, spina bifida, multiple sclerosis, and Guillain–Barré syndrome.
Neurologic signs result from severe angulation of the spine, narrowing of the spinal canal, instability of the spine, and luxation or fracture of the vertebrae. Signs include rear limb weakness or paralysis, urinary or fecal incontinence, and spinal pain. [5] Most cases of hemivertebrae have no or mild symptoms, so treatment is usually ...
The majority of babies with open spina bifida have a variety of medical problems including nerve damage and problems with motor function, this may include some amount of paralysis of the lower part of their body (this ranges from very mild to quite severe), loss of control of their bowels and bladder, and abnormalities of the brain.
A number of pathological conditions can cause an obstruction of the normal cerebrospinal fluid spaces. These include Chiari malformation, spinal arachnoiditis, scoliosis, spinal vertebrae misalignment, spinal tumors, spina bifida, and others. The reasons that blockage of the cerebrospinal fluid space within the subarachnoid space can result in ...
Spina bifida; Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; Spinal cord injury; Spinal cord tumors; Spinal muscular atrophy; Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 – see Distal spinal muscular atrophy type 1; Spinocerebellar ataxia; Split-brain; Steele–Richardson–Olszewski syndrome – see Progressive supranuclear palsy; Stiff ...
Spina bifida is a neural tube defect that involves defects in the development of the spine, and it can cause hydrocephalus. Myelomeningocele is the most severe type of spina bifida, involving an open spinal column and the exact mechanism of hydrocephalus involved in this condition is unclear.