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Black pepper vine climbing on Jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus) The pepper plant is a perennial woody vine growing up to 4 m (13 ft) in height on supporting trees, poles, or trellises. It is a spreading vine, rooting readily where trailing stems touch the ground.
They mistakenly thought the spicy fruits were a variety of the black pepper plant, which also has spicy fruit. However, these two plants are not closely related. [10] Commonly used names for the fruit of Capsicum annuum in English vary by location and cultivar. The larger, sweeter cultivars are called "capsicum" in Australia and New Zealand. [11]
The name pepper comes from the similarity of piquance (spiciness or "heat") of the flavor to that of black pepper, Piper nigrum, although there is no botanical relationship with it or with Sichuan pepper. The original term chilli came from the Nahuatl word chīlli, denoting a larger Capsicum variety cultivated at least since 3000 BC. [7]
In British English, the sweet varieties are called "peppers" [12] and the hot varieties "chillies", [13] whereas in Australian English and Indian English, the name "capsicum" is commonly used for bell peppers exclusively and "chilli" is often used to encompass the hotter varieties. The plant is a tender perennial subshrub, with a densely ...
The Piperaceae (/ ˌ p ɪ p ə ˈ r eɪ ʃ iː /), also known as the pepper family, are a large family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,600 currently accepted species in five genera. The vast majority of species can be found within the two main genera: Piper (2,171 species) and Peperomia (over 1,000 species). [4]
Black pepper (P. nigrum) essential oil is sometimes used in herbalism, and long pepper (P. longum) is similarly employed in Ayurveda, where it was an ingredient of Triphala Guggulu and (together with black pepper) of Trikatu pills, used for rasayana (rejuvenating and detoxifying) purposes. One Piper species has gained large-scale use as a ...
The Romans knew of both but their word for pepper usually meant black pepper. [2]: 8 Pliny erroneously believed dried black pepper and long pepper came from the same plant. [2] Round, or black, pepper began to compete with long pepper in Europe from the twelfth century and had displaced it by the fourteenth. [1]
Capsicum baccatum is still referred to as ají, while other peppers are referred to as "pepper" via the Spanish conquistadors noting the similarity in heat sensation to black pepper. [ 9 ] The Latin binomial name is composed of Capsicum , from the Greek kapos , and Baccatum , meaning "berry-like."