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  2. Observability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observability

    Observability is a measure of how well internal states of a system can be inferred from knowledge of its external outputs. In control theory, the observability and controllability of a linear system are mathematical duals. The concept of observability was introduced by the Hungarian-American engineer Rudolf E. Kálmán for linear dynamic systems.

  3. Observability Gramian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observability_Gramian

    In control theory, ... Observability in LTI Systems. Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems are those systems in which the parameters , , and are ...

  4. State observer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_observer

    In control theory, a state observer, state estimator, or Luenberger observer is a system that provides an estimate of the internal state of a given real system, from measurements of the input and output of the real system. It is typically computer-implemented, and provides the basis of many practical applications.

  5. Input-to-state stability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input-to-state_stability

    Input-to-state stability of the systems based on time-invariant ordinary differential equations is a quite developed theory, see a recent monograph. [6] However, ISS theory of other classes of systems is also being investigated for time-variant ODE systems [20] and hybrid systems.

  6. Systems psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_psychology

    Systems psychology is a branch of both theoretical psychology and applied psychology that studies human behaviour and experience as complex systems. It is inspired by systems theory and systems thinking , and based on the theoretical work of Roger Barker , Gregory Bateson , Humberto Maturana and others. [ 1 ]

  7. Controllability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controllability

    The state of a deterministic system, which is the set of values of all the system's state variables (those variables characterized by dynamic equations), completely describes the system at any given time. In particular, no information on the past of a system is needed to help in predicting the future, if the states at the present time are known ...

  8. Nonlinear system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear_system

    In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system (or a non-linear system) is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. [1] [2] Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, biologists, [3] [4] [5] physicists, [6] [7] mathematicians, and many other scientists since most systems are inherently nonlinear in nature. [8]

  9. Nonlinear system identification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear_system...

    System identification is a method of identifying or measuring the mathematical model of a system from measurements of the system inputs and outputs. The applications of system identification include any system where the inputs and outputs can be measured and include industrial processes, control systems, economic data, biology and the life sciences, medicine, social systems and many more.