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3D still showing rabies virus structure. Rhabdoviruses have helical symmetry, so their infectious particles are approximately cylindrical in shape. They are characterized by an extremely broad host spectrum ranging from plants [citation needed] to insects [citation needed] and mammals; human-infecting viruses more commonly have icosahedral symmetry and take shapes approximating regular polyhedra.
Rabies is caused by a number of lyssaviruses including the rabies virus and Australian bat lyssavirus. [4] Duvenhage lyssavirus may cause a rabies-like infection. [33] The rabies virus is the type species of the Lyssavirus genus, in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales.
In 2018, a man died of rabies after contracting the virus from a cat in Morocco. [117] A rabies-like lyssavirus, called European bat lyssavirus 2, was identified in bats in 2003. [111] In 2002, there was a fatal case in a bat handler involving infection with European bat lyssavirus 2; infection was probably acquired from a bite from a bat in ...
Lyssavirus (from the Greek λύσσα lyssa "rage, fury, rabies" and the Latin vīrus) [1] [2] is a genus of RNA viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Mammals, including humans, can serve as natural hosts. [3] [4] The genus Lyssavirus includes the causative agent (rabies virus) of rabies. [5]
It also calls for information and education campaign on the prevention and control of rabies, pre-exposure treatment of high-risk personnel and post-exposure treatment of animal bite victims, free routine immunization of schoolchildren aged 5 to 14 in areas where there is high incidence of rabies and encouragement of responsible pet ownership. [2]
The virus was discovered in 1970, when a South African farmer (after whom the virus is named) died of a rabies-like encephalitic illness, after being bitten by a bat. [2] In 2006, Duvenhage virus killed a second person, when a man was scratched by a bat in North West Province, South Africa, 80 km from the 1970 infection. [3]
Arctic rabies is a specific strain of Rabies lyssavirus that is most closely phylogenetically related to a separate strand halfway down the world in India and has an incubation period that can last up to six months, comparable to that of the virus in humans. [33]
In 2015 two novel rhabdoviruses, Ekpoma virus 1 and Ekpoma virus 2, were discovered in samples of blood from two healthy women in southwestern Nigeria. Ekpoma virus 1 and Ekpoma virus 2 appear to replicate well in humans (viral load ranged from ~45,000 - ~4.5 million RNA copies/mL plasma) but did not cause any observable symptoms of disease. [ 24 ]