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As electron kinetic energy and undulator parameters can be adapted as desired, free-electron lasers are tunable and can be built for a wider frequency range than any other type of laser, [3] currently ranging in wavelength from microwaves, through terahertz radiation and infrared, to the visible spectrum, ultraviolet, and X-ray.
The European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (European XFEL) is an X-ray research laser facility commissioned during 2017. The first laser pulses were produced in May 2017 and the facility started user operation in September 2017.
European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL) Schenefeld, near DESY: Germany: 17.5: 3400: 2017: Tantalus at the Synchrotron Radiation Center: University of Wisconsin: US: 0.24: 9.38: 1968: 1987 Synchrotron Radiation Center(SRC) University of Wisconsin: US: 1: 121: 1987: 2014 Solidi Roma Synchrotron Radiation Facility: Recycled 1GeV ...
The SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser, referred to as SACLA (pronounced さくら (Sa-Ku-Ra)), is an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) in Harima Science Garden City, Japan, embedded in the SPring-8 accelerator and synchrotron complex. [1] [2] When it first came into operation 2011, it was the second XFEL in the world and the first in ...
SwissFEL is the X-ray free-electron laser at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), which was inaugurated in December 2016. [1] The SwissFEL design is optimised to generate X-ray pulses in the wavelength range of 1 Å to 70 Å. With an overall length of just under 740 metres, the system configuration is relatively compact.
An X-ray laser can be created by several methods either in hot, dense plasmas or as a free-electron laser in an accelerator. This article describes the x-ray lasers in plasmas, only. This article describes the x-ray lasers in plasmas, only.
In 2000 to 2001, the test facility at DESY was the first free-electron laser in the world to produce light flashes in the vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray range. [37] Today, the FLASH facility produces ultrashort light pulses in the soft X-ray range for seven experimental stations. [38]
The Smith–Purcell effect was the precursor of the free-electron laser (FEL). It was studied by Steve Smith, a graduate student under the guidance of Edward Purcell.In their experiment, they sent an energetic beam of electrons very closely parallel to the surface of a ruled optical diffraction grating, and thereby generated visible light. [1]