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Quercus velutina (Latin 'velutina', "velvety") , the black oak, is a species of oak in the red oak group (Quercus sect. Lobatae), native and widespread in eastern and central North America. It is sometimes called the eastern black oak. [4] Quercus velutina was previously known as yellow oak due to the yellow pigment in its inner bark.
California black oak is a deciduous tree growing in mixed evergreen forests, oak woodlands, and coniferous forests. California black oak is distributed along foothills and lower mountains of California and western Oregon. [6] [7] It can be found at altitudes of up to 1,800 m (5,900 ft), for example near Mount Shasta. [4]
Oak forests are categorized as deciduous forests which commonly have dense canopy cover (~70%) on dry soils with large amounts of undecomposed oak leaves over the ground. [2] The forests are commonly found around the Appalachian Mountains and neighboring areas in the Midwest United States . [ 3 ]
Caterpillars of the North American oak leafroller, Archips semiferanus, can defoliate oak forests. Oaks are keystone species in a wide range of habitats from Mediterranean semi-desert to subtropical rainforest. They are important components of hardwood forests; some species grow in associations with members of the Ericaceae in oak–heath forests.
Black oak is a common name for several species of tree. These include: Quercus kelloggii, the California black oak, from the western United States; Quercus velutina, the eastern black oak, from the eastern United States and Canada; Casuarina pauper, an Australian tree species; Trigonobalanus excelsa, the Colombian black oak, an oak relative ...
– Chinkapin oak – eastern, central, and southwestern US (West Texas and New Mexico), northern Mexico; Quercus ningqiangensis S.Z.Qu & W.H.Zhang – southeastern China; Quercus oblongifolia Torr. – Arizona blue oak, Southwestern blue oak, or Mexican blue oak – # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico; Quercus obtusata Bonpl. – Mexico
Temperate deciduous forests are characterized by a variety of temperate deciduous tree species that vary based on region. [6] Most tree species present in temperate deciduous forests are broadleaf trees that lose their leaves in the fall, [8] though some coniferous trees such as pines (Pinus) are present in northern temperate deciduous forests. [6]
There are two main types of forest: deciduous oak forest at low elevations (between 250m and 1350m), and coniferous spruce-fir forest above that. Until the 1930s the oaks were mixed with American chestnut , but these were largely wiped out by the chestnut blight fungus by the middle of the 20th century.