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Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a minimally invasive non-surgical procedure used to treat narrowing of the coronary arteries of the heart found in coronary artery disease. [2] The procedure is used to place and deploy coronary stents, a permanent wire-meshed tube, to open narrowed coronary arteries. PCI is considered 'non-surgical ...
The left atrial appendage is a pouch-like structure located in the upper part of the left atrium. [1] Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is an alternative therapy to oral anticoagulation in a certain subset of patients with atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregular and uncoordinated pumping function of the atria.
A coronary stent is a tube-shaped device placed in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart, to keep the arteries open in patients suffering from coronary heart disease. The vast majority of stents used in modern interventional cardiology are drug-eluting stents (DES).
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of coronary ischemia. [7] Coronary ischemia and coronary artery disease are contributors to the development of heart failure over time. [ 10 ] Diagnosis of coronary ischemia is achieved by an attaining a medical history and physical examination in addition to other tests such as ...
Stents, which are specially manufactured expandable stainless steel mesh tubes, mounted on a balloon catheter, are the most commonly used device beyond the balloon catheter. When the stent/balloon device is positioned within the stenosis, the balloon is inflated which, in turn, expands the stent and the artery.
Stents carry the risk of worsening the dissection or have an increased risk of other complications as the vessel walls in SCAD are already weak due to the disease before introducing the stent. [4] Large studies into coronary artery bypass surgery are lacking, but this approach is used to redirect blood to the heart around the affected area for ...
Coronary CT angiography (CTA or CCTA) is the use of computed tomography (CT) angiography to assess the coronary arteries of the heart.The patient receives an intravenous injection of radiocontrast and then the heart is scanned using a high speed CT scanner, allowing physicians to assess the extent of occlusion in the coronary arteries, usually in order to diagnose coronary artery disease.
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death for both males and females and accounts for approximately 600,000 deaths in the United States every year. [139] According to present trends in the United States, half of healthy 40-year-old males will develop CAD in the future, and one in three healthy 40-year-old females. [ 140 ]