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In Russian, before a soft consonant, it is [æ], like in the English "cat". If a hard consonant follows я or none, the result is an open vowel, usually . This difference does not exist in the other Cyrillic languages. In non-stressed positions, the vowel reduction depends on the language and the dialect.
The Cyrillic alphabet and Russian spelling generally employ fewer diacritics than those used in other European languages written with the Latin alphabet. The only diacritic, in the proper sense, is the acute accent ́ (Russian: знак ударения 'mark of stress'), which marks stress on a vowel, as it is done in Spanish and Greek.
The details vary by author, and depend on which letters are available for the language of the text. For instance, in a work written in Ukrainian, г may be used for (the voiced equivalent of х ), whereas in Russian texts, г is used for . This article follows common Russian usage.
Although occasionally praised by the Russian working class, the reform was unpopular amongst the educated people, religious leaders and many prominent writers, many of whom were oppositional to the new state. [3] Furthermore, even the workers ridiculed the spelling reform at first, arguing it made the Russian language poorer and less elegant. [4]
Used in Russian, Belarusian, Rusyn, Mongolian, and others. Considered a separate letter, after the letter Е, but not collated separately from Е in Russian. 0402: Ђ: CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DJE 0452: ђ: CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DJE Used in Serbian. Invented as a new letter, placed between Д and Е. 0403: Ѓ: CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GJE 0413 ...
The Russian spelling alphabet at right (PDF) The Russian spelling alphabet is a spelling alphabet (or "phonetic alphabet") for Russian, i.e. a set of names given to the alphabet letters for the purpose of unambiguous verbal spelling. It is used primarily by the Russian army, navy and the police.
The letter ё is a stressed syllable in the overwhelming majority of Russian and Belarusian words. In Russian, unstressed ё occurs only in compound numerals and a few derived terms, wherein it is considered an exception. It is a so-called iotated vowel. In initial or post-vocalic position, it represents the sounds /jo/, like in 'York'.
Modern Slavic languages written in the Cyrillic alphabet make little or no use of digraphs. There are only two true digraphs: дж for /d͡ʒ/ and дз for /d͡z/ (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian). Sometimes these digraphs are even considered as special letters of their respective alphabets.