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In oceanography, the sverdrup (symbol: Sv, not to be confused with the sievert) is a non-SI metric unit of flow, with 1 Sv equal to 1 million cubic metres per second (260,000,000 US gal/s); [1] [2] it is equivalent to the SI derived unit cubic hectometer per second (symbol: hm 3 /s or hm 3 ⋅s −1).
The units that are typically used to express discharge in streams or rivers include m 3 /s (cubic meters per second), ft 3 /s (cubic feet per second or cfs) and/or acre-feet per day. [2] A commonly applied methodology for measuring, and estimating, the discharge of a river is based on a simplified form of the continuity equation.
The discharge formula, Q = A V, can be used to rewrite Gauckler–Manning's equation by substitution for V. Solving for Q then allows an estimate of the volumetric flow rate (discharge) without knowing the limiting or actual flow velocity. The formula can be obtained by use of dimensional analysis.
Mass flow rate is defined by the limit [3] [4] ˙ = =, i.e., the flow of mass through a surface per time .. The overdot on ˙ is Newton's notation for a time derivative.Since mass is a scalar quantity, the mass flow rate (the time derivative of mass) is also a scalar quantity.
References will be made to "actual" flow rate through a meter and "standard" or "base" flow rate through a meter with units such as acm/h (actual cubic meters per hour), sm 3 /sec (standard cubic meters per second), kscm/h (thousand standard cubic meters per hour), LFM (linear feet per minute), or MMSCFD (million standard cubic feet per day).
Darcy's law is an equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium and through a Hele-Shaw cell.The law was formulated by Henry Darcy based on results of experiments [1] on the flow of water through beds of sand, forming the basis of hydrogeology, a branch of earth sciences.
so that for incompressible, irrotational flow (=), the second term on the left in the Navier-Stokes equation is just the gradient of the dynamic pressure. In hydraulics , the term u 2 / 2 g {\displaystyle u^{2}/2g} is known as the hydraulic velocity head (h v ) so that the dynamic pressure is equal to ρ g h v {\displaystyle \rho gh_{v}} .
For example, 10 miles per hour can be converted to metres per second by using a sequence of conversion factors as shown below: = . Each conversion factor is chosen based on the relationship between one of the original units and one of the desired units (or some intermediary unit), before being rearranged to create a factor that cancels out the ...