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Toluene is widely used in the paint, dye, rubber, chemical, glue, printing, and pharmaceutical industries as a solvent. [38] Nail polish, paintbrush cleaners, and stain removers may contain toluene. Manufacturing of explosives (TNT) uses it as well.
Most of those methods, but not all, involve the use of a solvent either for liquid-liquid extraction or extractive distillation. Many different solvents are suitable, including sulfolane (C 4 H 8 O 2 S), furfural (C 5 H 4 O 2 ), tetraethylene glycol (C 8 H 18 O 5 ), dimethylsulfoxide (C 2 H 6 OS), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (C 5 H 9 NO).
Less common solvents used as paint thinner — like aromatic organic compounds that are more hazardous, so more heavily regulated and restricted in use — but still used in the construction industry include: [4] Aromatic hydrocarbons / arenes Ethylbenzene; Toluene / toluol; Xylene / xylol; Alkyl esters Amyl acetate; n-Butyl acetate; Butanol
Water is a solvent for polar molecules, and the most common solvent used by living things; all the ions and proteins in a cell are dissolved in water within the cell. Major uses of solvents are in paints, paint removers, inks, and dry cleaning. [ 2 ]
The simplest member, toluene (or methylbenzene), has the hydrogen atom of the benzene ring replaced by a methyl group. The chemical formula of alkylbenzenes is C n H 2n-6. [2] Safety hazards of toluene. Oftentimes, toluene is used as an organic solvent.
Permanent markers are generally used on hard, non-porous surfaces, because instead of staining they form a surface layer that, despite their name, can be removed by high pressure cleaning, paint thinners, or organic solvents such as acetone, xylene, or toluene. When used indoors, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate are preferred ...
The Lukoil refinery in Perm provided 6,500 metric tons of toluene to the Perm powder plant, Kazan, and Biysk. Lukoil is part-owned by billionaire Alekperov, the company’s former president.
[27] [28] In the petroleum industry, where BHT is known as the fuel additive AO-29, it is used in hydraulic fluids, turbine and gear oils, and jet fuels. [27] [29] [page needed] BHT is also used to prevent peroxide formation in organic ethers and other solvents and laboratory chemicals. [30]