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Projected global surface temperature changes relative to 1850–1900, based on CMIP6 multi-model mean changes. The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report defines global mean surface temperature (GMST) as the "estimated global average of near-surface air temperatures over land and sea ice, and sea surface temperature (SST) over ice-free ocean regions, with changes normally expressed as departures from a ...
A reconstruction of Arctic temperatures over four centuries by Overpeck et al. 1997 reached similar conclusions, but both these studies came up against the limitations of the climate reconstructions at that time which only resolved temperature fluctuations on a decadal basis rather than showing individual years, and produced a single time ...
English: Diagram showing chart of global warming over time, juxtaposed with timeline showing lifetimes of various generations w:Warming stripes concept by climatologist Ed Hawkins; Relevant publication: Warming Across Generations. Climate Central (22 March 2023). Archived from the original on 13 June 2024.
Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment; current: 18:03, 15 November 2021: 1,200 × 675 (8 KB) RCraig09: Version 2: added line graph of annual temperatures as overlay to decadal bar chart: 05:53, 15 November 2021: 1,200 × 675 (5 KB) RCraig09: Uploaded own work with UploadWizard
The temperature on land rose by 1.59 °C while over the ocean it rose by 0.88 °C. [3] In 2020 the temperature was 1.2 °C above the pre-industrial era. [4] In September 2023 the temperature was 1.75 °C above pre-industrial level and during the entire year of 2023 is expected to be 1.4 °C above it. [5]
recalibrated by Cook, Esper & D'Arrigo 2004 "Extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere land temperature variability over the past 1000 years". Mann & Jones 2003 "Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia." Pollack & Smerdon 2004 "Borehole climate reconstructions: Spatial structure and hemispheric averages".
English: Warming stripes graphic comparing different datasets of Global Mean Surface Temperature (GMST). General concept of warming stripes was developed by Ed Hawkins (climatologist) Five data sources for five datasets are listed at File:20200324 Global average temperature - NASA-GISS HadCrut NOAA Japan BerkeleyE.svg
Since then, it has increased about a full 1°C—in a time period less than 1/3,000th the width of the top chart. Bottom chart: This 1°C increase, commonly called global warming, accelerated since 1980—a period less than 1/20,000th the width of the top chart. SOURCES (and related explanations): 1. Top chart (800,000 years): — Data itself: