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Other agents widely used in the past include ether, chloroform, enflurane, halothane, methoxyflurane. All of these agents share the property of being quite hydrophobic (i.e., as liquids, they are not freely miscible with water, and as gases they dissolve in oils better than in water).
Diethyl ether, or simply ether, is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH 3 CH 2) 2 O, sometimes abbreviated as Et 2 O. [ a ] It is a colourless, highly volatile , sweet-smelling ("ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid .
On 30 September 1846, Morton administered diethyl ether to Eben Frost, a music teacher from Boston, for a dental extraction. Two weeks later, Morton became the first to publicly demonstrate the use of diethyl ether as a general anesthetic at Massachusetts General Hospital, in what is known today as the Ether Dome. [104]
Structures of general anaesthetics widely used in medicine. [1] 1 - ethanol, 2 - chloroform, 3 - diethyl ether, 4 - fluroxene, 5 - halothane, 6 - methoxyflurane, 7 - enflurane, 8 - isoflurane, 9 - desflurane, 10 - sevoflurane. A general anaesthetic (or anesthetic) is a drug that brings about a reversible loss of consciousness. [2]
Since 1982, ether is not used in the United States. [7] Now, because of the use of intravenous induction agents with muscle relaxants and the discontinuation of ether, elements of Guedel's classification have been superseded by depth of anaesthesia monitoring devices such as the BIS monitor; [5] however, the use of BIS monitoring remains ...
After observing the same physiological effects with diethyl ether ("ether") that Humphry Davy had described for nitrous oxide in 1800, Long used ether for the first time on March 30, 1842, to remove a tumor from the neck of a patient, James M. Venable. [7] He administered sulfuric ether on a towel and simply had the patient inhale. [8]
An example of an ether is the solvent diethyl ether. [1] Halogenated ethers differ from other ethers because there are one or more halogen atoms—fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine—as substituents on the carbon groups. . [2] Examples of commonly used halogenated ethers include isoflurane, sevofluorane and desflurane. [3]
The Williamson ether synthesis is an organic reaction, forming an ether from an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol . This reaction was developed by Alexander Williamson in 1850. [ 2 ] Typically it involves the reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide via an S N 2 reaction .