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National Insurance contributions for all UK residents and some non-residents are recorded using the NPS computer system (National Insurance and PAYE Service). This came into use in June and July 2009 [23] and brought NIC and Income Tax records together on one system for the first time.
The balance in the National Insurance Funds can be seen on the website of the Debt Management Office. [ 7 ] [2] Levels of benefit and contributions are set following the advice of the Government Actuary, who recommends that a prudential balance of two months contribution revenue (about £8 billion) should be kept in the fund.
The National Insurance number is a number used in the United Kingdom in the administration of the National Insurance or social security system. It is also used as a de facto national identification number in the UK, including in the tax system, banking, social welfare, online government services and electoral registration, despite it not being explicitly defined as such.
It was created in 1953 as a result of the amalgamation of the Ministry of Pensions and the Ministry of National Insurance. [1]In 1966, the Supplementary Benefits Commission (part of the National Assistance Board) was merged with the Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance to form the new Ministry of Social Security, as part of the Ministry of Social Security Act 1966.
The National Insurance Act Part I provided for a National Insurance scheme with provision of medical benefits. All workers who earned under £160 a year had to pay 4 pence a week to the scheme; the employer paid 3 pence, and general taxation paid 2 pence (Lloyd George called it the "ninepence for fourpence").
Each year that National Insurance is paid is called a qualifying year. For 2023–2024, for a qualifying year to count, an individual needs to earn at least £6396 if he/she is an employee, or £6725 if he/she is self-employed, and to have paid (or been credited with) National Insurance contributions based on these earnings.
After the Second World War, the National Insurance Act 1946 completed universal coverage of social security. The National Assistance Act 1948 (11 & 12 Geo. 6. c. 29) formally abolished the poor law, and gave a minimum income to those not paying National Insurance. The Basic State Pension was also introduced in 1948.
A British 1948 National Insurance stamp, once used to collect contributions to the scheme. The National Insurance Act 1946 (9 & 10 Geo. 6.c. 67) was a British act of Parliament passed during the Attlee ministry which established a comprehensive system of social security throughout the United Kingdom.