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A flat-four engine, also known as a horizontally opposed-four engine or boxer engine, [1] is a four-cylinder piston engine with two banks of cylinders lying on opposite sides of a common crankshaft. The most common type of flat-four engine is the boxer-four engine , each pair of opposed pistons moves inwards and outwards at the same time.
The company also produced boxer-six engines from 1988 to 1996 and 2001–2019. [16] In 2008, the Subaru EE engine became the world's first passenger car diesel boxer engine. This engine is a turbocharged boxer-four with common rail fuel injection. [4] [17] [18] [19] Ferrari used flat-twelve engines for various Formula One cars in the 1970s.
The Volkswagen air-cooled engine is an air-cooled, gasoline-fuelled, boxer engine with four horizontally opposed cast-iron cylinders, cast aluminum alloy cylinder heads and pistons, magnesium-alloy crankcase, and forged steel crankshaft and connecting rods.
The Subaru FB engine is the third generation of gasoline boxer-4 engine used in Subaru automobiles, and was announced on 23 September 2010. [1] It follows the previous generation EJ-series engine which was introduced in 1989 and the first generation EA-series which was introduced in 1966.
All Subaru EJ engines have a 1-3-2-4 firing order, which, given the longer exhaust runners on cylinders 2 and 4 causes the characteristic "subaru boxer rumble". Some of the 2005 and later Subaru vehicle Engines (especially the turbo charged engines) are using CAN bus as their sole Vehicle/Vessel speed input channel.
A boxer-style flat-six engine is able to have perfect primary and secondary balance.As in other six-cylinder engines, the overlapping of the power strokes of the different cylinders (with a firing interval of 120 degrees in a four-stroke engine) reduces the pulsating of the power delivery relative to that of similar engines with fewer cylinders.
The configuration of the engine and the horizontally opposed cylinder layout classifies them as boxer, opposed cylinder, horizontal or flat engines. They are different from an Opposed piston engine where the engine has two crankshafts and no cylinder head, as used in the Junkers Jumo 205 , whereas boxer-style engines have one crankshaft and two ...
The engine they designed and developed kept the Turbo-Air 6 engine's boxer configuration and use of air cooling, and became known as the modular engine. As with Winchell's earlier engine, bore and stroke were increased to 3.56 in (90.4 mm) and 2.94 in (74.7 mm) respectively. [ 29 ]