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The First Cod War (1958–1961) was fought over Iceland's extension from 4 to 12 nautical miles (7 to 22 km). The Second Cod War (1972–1973) occurred when Iceland extended the limits to 50 miles (93 km). The Third Cod War (1975–1976) was fought over Iceland's extension of its fishery limits to 200 miles (370 km).
Adolf Hitler had also been gifted a copy of Wegener's book, and had been impressed by his arguments. [5] In pre-war war games in early 1939, an invasion of Iceland had been proposed. However, the chance of success given Franco-British control of the entrances to the North Sea was assessed as low. [6]
[citation needed] First women's secondary school Kvennaskólinn í Reykjavík is founded by Thora Melsted. 1874: The King of Denmark visits Iceland and grants Icelanders a constitution. 1000 years of settlement celebrated throughout the country. [citation needed] 1875: First session of the restored Althing which has the power to pass laws.
The First Cod War saw a total of 37 Royal Navy ships and 7,000 sailors protecting the fishing fleet from six Icelandic gunboats and their 100 coast guards. [ 9 ] The Second Cod War between the United Kingdom and Iceland lasted from September 1972 until the signing of a temporary agreement in November 1973.
Iceland was not filmed in nor particularly about Iceland. [15] Many years later, a two-part documentary was released called the Occupation Years 1940-1945. This documentary examines how World War II affected Iceland and its population, using stock footage and interviews to assess the impact. [15]
The United Kingdom invaded Iceland on 10 May 1940, during World War II using its Royal Navy and Royal Marines forces. The operation, codenamed Operation Fork, occurred because the British government feared that Iceland would be used militarily by Nazi Germany, which had overrun Denmark a month earlier.
It has never participated in a full-scale war or invasion, and the constitution of Iceland has no mechanism to declare war. [1] None of the Cod Wars meet any of the common thresholds for a conventional war, and they may more accurately be described as militarised interstate disputes between Iceland and the United Kingdom. [2] [3] [4] [5]
Women in Iceland first gained the right to vote in 1915 (with restrictions) and increased voting rights in 1920. [103] Iceland was the first country in the world to have a political party formed and led entirely by women. [104]