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shaving - the leather is thinned using a machine which cuts leather fibres off. neutralisation - the pH of the leather is adjusted to a value between 4.5 and 6.5. retanning - additional tanning agents are added to impart properties. dyeing - the leather is coloured. fatliquoring - fats/oils and waxes are fixed to the leather fibres.
In modern leather preservation, the original surface coating may be stripped completely off to provide a uniform replacement finish. This method is not advised for historical pieces, but is appropriate for reproductions and modern leather works, as they may prolong the life of the material without compromising the historical value or integrity. [9]
The Goodyear welt process is a machine-based alternative to the traditional hand-welted method (c. 1500) for the manufacture of footwear, allowing them to be resoled repeatedly. The upper part of the shoe is shaped over the last and fastened on by sewing a leather, linen or synthetic strip (also known as the "welt") to the inner and upper sole.
The use of vegetable tanning is a process that takes longer than mineral tanning when converting rawhides into leather. Mineral tanned leather is used principally for shoes, car seats, and upholstery in homes (sofas, etc.). Vegetable tanned leather is used in leather crafting and in making small leather items, such as wallets, handbags and clothes.
Liming is a process used for parchment or leather processing, in which hides are soaked in an alkali solution. It is performed using a drum and paddle or a pit. Its objectives are: [1] Removal of interfibrillary proteins. Removal of keratin proteins. Collagen swelling due to the alkaline pH. Collagen fibre bundle splitting. Removal of natural ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 January 2025. Manufacturing processes This section does not cite any sources.
Leather painting differs from leather dyeing in that paint remains only on the surface while dyes are absorbed into the leather. Due to this difference, leather painting techniques are generally not used on items that can or must bend nor on items that receive friction, such as belts and wallets because under these conditions, the paint may crack or wear off.
While modern advancements have introduced new materials and techniques to the world of upholstery, the artistry and attention to detail that define traditional upholstery remain unparalleled. Although sewing machines and synthetic foams have expedited the manufacturing process, they have not replaced the skill and expertise of the upholsterer.