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A plan view of Millbank Prison, 1828. A plan is a view of a 3-dimensional object seen from vertically above (or sometimes below [citation needed]). It may be drawn in the position of a horizontal plane passing through, above, or below the object. The outline of a shape in this view is sometimes called its planform, for example with aircraft wings.
An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that falls within the definition of architecture.Architectural drawings are used by architects and others for a number of purposes: to develop a design idea into a coherent proposal, to communicate ideas and concepts, to convince clients of the merits of a design, to assist a building ...
Orthographic projection (also orthogonal projection and analemma) [a] is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions.Orthographic projection is a form of parallel projection in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, [2] resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface.
It can offer a photo view of the area modeled in the map so that a reader can see the location looks like. Images can also be used to show examples of data points or illustrate the methods used to create the map. Logos of agencies or companies sponsoring the map are also a common use of images on layout. [16]
Note the appearance of the Rocky Mountains in the full-size version. More recently, Tom Patterson developed a computer-generated technique for mapping terrain inspired by Raisz's work, called plan oblique relief. [3] This tool starts with a shaded relief image, then shifts pixels northward proportional to their elevation.
Plans are usually "scale drawings", meaning that the plans are drawn at a specific ratio relative to the actual size of the place or object. Various scales may be used for different drawings in a set. For example, a floor plan may be drawn at 1:48 (or 1/4"=1'-0") whereas a detailed view may be drawn at 1:24 (or 1/2"=1'-0").
The formulas for the spherical orthographic projection are derived using trigonometry.They are written in terms of longitude (λ) and latitude (φ) on the sphere.Define the radius of the sphere R and the center point (and origin) of the projection (λ 0, φ 0).
Blank area for creating Locator maps. Based on simplified Location maps. A province in the country (when the blank map is actually filled). /Area maps (en) Maps that highlight one subject area, primarily for species distributions. Locator maps: a country (red) in its region and in the world (corner map). Multi-area: ranges of animals species ...