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In Islamic law (sharia), marriage (nikāḥ نکاح) is a legal and social contract between two individuals. [1] Marriage is an act of Islam [2] and is strongly recommended. [1] [3] Polygyny is permitted in Islam under some conditions, but polyandry is forbidden. [4]
In Islamic law, marriage – or more specifically, the marriage contract – is called nikah, which already in the Quran is used exclusively to refer to the contract of marriage. [9] [10] [11] In the Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, nikah is defined as "marriage; marriage contract; matrimony, wedlock". [12]
Nikah mut'ah [1] [2] Arabic: نكاح المتعة, romanized: nikāḥ al-mutʿah, "pleasure marriage"; temporary marriage [3]: 1045 or Sigheh [4] (Persian: صیغه ، ازدواج موقت) is a private and verbal temporary marriage contract that is practiced in Twelver Shia Islam [5] in which the duration of the marriage and the mahr must be specified and agreed upon in advance.
Islamic marital practices are traditions and practices that relate to wedding ceremonies and marriage rituals in the Muslim world. Although Islamic marriage customs and relations vary depending on country of origin and government regulations, Muslims from around the world are guided by Islamic laws and practices specified in the Quran. [1]
Groom signing the marriage documents in Bangladesh An 1874 Islamic marriage contract. A bride signing the nikah nama (marriage contract).. An Islamic marriage contract is considered an integral part of an Islamic marriage, and outlines the rights and responsibilities of the husband and wife or other parties involved in marriage proceedings under Sharia.
Misyar marriage fits within the general rules of marriage in law, on condition merely that it fulfill all the requirements of the sharia marriage contract, i.e.: The agreement of both parties; Two legal witnesses (shahidayn) The payment by the husband to his wife of mahr (dower) in the amount that is agreed [4]
Thus, a nikah 'urfi in an Islamic state may denote something similar to a common-law marriage in the west, while in some countries, such as Egypt, a nikah 'urfi is a marriage that takes place without the public approval of the bride's guardians, even though the contract is officiated by a religious cleric and sometimes by a state representative.
Nikah means marriage and halala means to make something halal, or permissible. [3] This form of marriage is haram (forbidden) according to the hadith of Islamic prophet Muhammad. [4] [5] [6] Nikah halala is practiced by a small minority of Muslims, mainly in countries that recognise the triple talaq. [7] [8]