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Letter B consists of Philippians 1:1–3:1, and may also include 4:4–9 and 4:21–23. Letter C consists of Philippians 3:2–4:1, and may also include 4:2–3. It is a testament to Paul's rejection of all worldly things for the sake of the gospel of Jesus. [6]: 19
In Christian theology, kenosis (Ancient Greek: κένωσις, romanized: kénōsis, lit. 'the act of emptying') is the "self-emptying" of Jesus.The word ἐκένωσεν (ekénōsen) is used in the Epistle to the Philippians: "[] made himself nothing" (), [1] or "[he] emptied himself" [2] (Philippians 2:7), using the verb form κενόω (kenóō), meaning "to empty".
In Philippians 2:25 [1] and Philemon 1:2, [2] Paul describes fellow Christians as "fellow soldiers" (in Greek, συστρατιώτῃ, sustratiōtē). [3] The image of a soldier is also used in 2 Timothy 2:3–4 [ 4 ] as a metaphor for courage, loyalty and dedication; [ 5 ] this is followed by the metaphor of an athlete , emphasising hard work.
It is highly probable that 1 and 2 Timothy were known and used by Polycarp in his epistle to the Philippians. [21] Polycarp is known to have died around 155–167, so this would seem to set an upper limit for the dating of the pastoral epistles.
They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context. In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location. Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading. Spellings occasionally change.
[1] There is a complete Latin translation of the epistle. [7] It survives in 13 or 14 manuscripts, the earliest perhaps from the 9th century. The quality of the Latin text is disputed, but it is based on a Greek text older than the existing Greek stemma. [1] A few excerpts of the epistle are preserved in Syriac. [8]
Jesus receives prayer (1 Corinthians 1:2; 2 Corinthians 12:8–9), the presence of Jesus is confessionally invoked by believers (1 Corinthians 16:22; Romans 10:9–13; Philippians 2:10–11), people are baptized in Jesus' name (1 Corinthians 6:11; Romans 6:3), Jesus is the reference in Christian fellowship for a religious ritual meal (the Lord ...
Peter Thomas O'Brien (born 6 November 1935 [1]) is an Australian clergyman, missionary and New Testament scholar. [2] He has written commentaries on Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon, and Hebrews as well as books and articles on aspects of the thought the apostle Paul.