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Empress Dowager Cixi, Regent of China considered de facto sovereign of China for 47 years during AD 1861–1908. Hou (后: Empress, Queen, Empress Consort) [3] was a title granted to an official primary spouse of the polygynous male Chinese Emperor.
Map of tribes and tribal unions in Ancient China, including the tribes led by the Yellow Emperor, Emperor Yan and Chiyou.. There are six to seven known variations on which people constitute the Three Sovereigns and the Five Emperors, depending on the source. [10]
China was a monarchy from prehistoric times up to 1912, when a republic was established. The succession of legendary monarchs of China were non-hereditary. Dynastic rule began c. 2070 BC when Yu the Great established the Xia dynasty, [d] and monarchy lasted until 1912 when dynastic rule collapsed together with the monarchical government. [5]
Imagined portrait of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of a unified China. Depiction from the Qing dynasty. The Chinese monarchs were the rulers of China during Ancient and Imperial periods. [a] The earliest rulers in traditional Chinese historiography are of mythological origin, and followed by the Xia dynasty of highly uncertain and contested ...
The Chinese sovereign was the ruler of a particular monarchical regime in the historical periods of ancient China and imperial China. Sovereigns ruling the same regime, and descended from the same paternal line, constituted a dynasty. Several titles and naming schemes have been used throughout Chinese history.
The lineage of emperors descended from a paternal family line constituted a dynasty, and succession in most cases theoretically followed agnatic primogeniture. The emperor of China was an absolute monarch. During the Han dynasty, Confucianism gained sanction as the official political theory. The absolute authority of the emperor came with a ...
As depicted by Gan Bozong, woodcut print, Tang dynasty (618–907) The Yellow Emperor, also known as the Yellow Thearch or by his Chinese name Huangdi (/ ˈ hw ɑː ŋ ˈ d iː /), is a mythical Chinese sovereign and culture hero included among the legendary Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, ().
During imperial China (221 BCE – CE 1911), a wide variety of noble titles were granted. Some of these were hereditary; an overlapping subset were honorary. At the beginning of imperial China, the administration of territory was growing out of the older fengjian system, and the central government asserting more control over the old aristocracy.