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The Hard Rock Miner's Handbook is a reference book that deals with the underground hard-rock mining industry. It was written by engineer Jack de la Vergne as a non-profit publication. [1] The first edition was published in 2000 by McIntosh Engineering, a mining engineering consulting company. [2]
Shaft mining or shaft sinking is the action of excavating a mine shaft from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom. [1] Shallow shafts , typically sunk for civil engineering projects, differ greatly in execution method from deep shafts, typically sunk for mining projects.
Surface gold mine with haul truck in foreground, in Kalgoorlie, Australia. Mining in the engineering discipline is the extraction of minerals from the ground. Mining engineering is associated with many other disciplines, such as mineral processing, exploration, excavation, geology, metallurgy, geotechnical engineering and surveying.
The hammer and pick, two basic tools traditionally used in mining for breaking rock, together form a main heraldic symbol of mining and miners. It is also used to mark the location of mines on maps. In other locations, the pickaxe and shovel fill the same purpose. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to mining:
Mining Machinery Engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that applies the principles of mechanical engineering and electrical engineering for analysis, design, manufacturing and maintenance of mining equipment.
In underground mining, long tunnels require efficient ventilation systems to protect miners' health and safety. Ventilation shafts are critical in these setups, as they introduce fresh air into deeper sections and expel contaminated air. These shafts are typically placed at regular intervals along the tunnel to ensure that airflow reaches all ...
There are two principal phases of underground mining: development mining and production mining. Development mining is composed of excavation almost entirely in (non-valuable) waste rock in order to gain access to the orebody. There are six steps in development mining: remove previously blasted material (muck out round), scaling (removing any unstable slabs of rock hanging from the roof and ...
The units of a stripping ratio can vary between mine types. For example, in coal mining the stripping ratio is commonly referred to as volume/weight. [3], whereas in metal mining, stripping ratio is unitless and is expressed as weight/weight. [2] A stripping ratio can be expressed as a ratio or as a number.