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The range equation reduces to: = where =; here is the specific heat constant of air 287.16 J/kg K (based on aviation standards) and = / = (derived from = and = +). c p {\displaystyle c_{p}} and c v {\displaystyle c_{v}} are the specific heat capacities of air at constant pressure and constant volume respectively.
The first of the cooling load factors used in this method is the CLTD, or the Cooling Load Temperature Difference. This factor is used to represent the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air with the inclusion of the heating effects of solar radiation. [1] [5] The second factor is the CLF, or the cooling load factor.
In a 1961 paper, P. C. Paris introduced the idea that the rate of crack growth may depend on the stress intensity factor. [4] Then in their 1963 paper, Paris and Erdogan indirectly suggested the equation with the aside remark "The authors are hesitant but cannot resist the temptation to draw the straight line slope 1/4 through the data" after reviewing data on a log-log plot of crack growth ...
Figure 1: Typical plot of crack growth rate versus the stress intensity range. The Paris–Erdogan equation fits the central linear region of Regime B. A crack growth equation is used for calculating the size of a fatigue crack growing from cyclic loads. The growth of a fatigue crack can result in catastrophic failure, particularly in the case ...
The "chart" actually consists of a pair of charts: one, the individuals chart, displays the individual measured values; the other, the moving range chart, displays the difference from one point to the next.
Disk loading of a hovering helicopter is the ratio of its weight to the total main rotor disk area. It is determined by dividing the total helicopter weight by the rotor disk area, which is the area swept by the blades of a rotor.
Original file (785 × 612 pixels, file size: 29 KB, MIME type: application/pdf) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
Newmark's Influence Chart is an illustration used to determine the vertical pressure at any point below a uniformly loaded flexible area of soil of any shape. This method, like others, was derived by integration of Boussinesq's equation for a point load.