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Dirofilaria immitis, also known as heartworm or dog heartworm, is a parasitic roundworm that is a type of filarial worm, a small thread-like worm, and which causes dirofilariasis. It is spread from host to host through the bites of mosquitoes. Four genera of mosquitoes transmit dirofilariasis, Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, and Mansonia. [2]
Dirofilariasis is an infection by parasites of the genus Dirofilaria. [1] It is transmitted through a mosquito bite; its main hosts include dogs and wild canids. These can give rise to granulomas in the pulmonary artery. Some common symptoms include cough, fever and pleural effusion. It may also appear on X-rays of the chest. [2]
Dirofilaria is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm), in the family Onchocercidae. Some species cause dirofilariasis , a state of parasitic infection, in humans and other animals. There are about 27 species in the genus. [ 2 ]
Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens, Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides and A. reconditum are the common species that have been known to be found in canine filarial nematodes. These nematodes present blood circulating microfilariae which are differentiated to the species level using the techniques like PCR and by acid phosphatase activity patterns. [ 32 ]
Dirofilaria immitis, the dog heartworm, rarely infects humans. Filariasis is caused by parasitic nematodes. These worms are transmitted by infected mosquitoes of the genera Aedes, Culex, Anopheles and Mansonia. Recent evidence suggests that climate change has an influence in the spread of the parasitic disease and its vectors.
Löffler's syndrome is a disease in which eosinophils accumulate in the lung in response to a parasitic infection. The parasite can be Ascaris, Strongyloides stercoralis, or Dirofilaria immitis [1] which can enter the body through contact with the soil. [2]
Microfilaria of Dirofilaria immitis (heartworms) in a lymph node impression smear from a dog with lymphoma. This baby nematode is snuggled down in a pillow of intermediate-to-large, immature lymphocytes, exhibiting multiple criteria of malignancy (1,000X magnification; courtesy Lance Wheeler) Microfilaria found in blood slides LACEN State Laboratory of Amazonas Brazil
Microfilaria of Dirofilaria immitis (heartworms) in a lymph node of a dog with lymphoma. This baby nematode is in a pillow of intermediate-to-large, immature lymphocytes exhibiting multiple criteria of cancer.