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In solar physics and observation, an active region is a temporary feature in the Sun's atmosphere characterized by a strong and complex magnetic field. They are often associated with sunspots and are commonly the source of violent eruptions such as coronal mass ejections and solar flares . [ 1 ]
They are regions of reduced surface temperature caused by concentrations of magnetic flux that inhibit convection. Sunspots appear within active regions, usually in pairs of opposite magnetic polarity. [2] Their number varies according to the approximately 11-year solar cycle.
The core is the only region of the Sun that produces an appreciable amount of thermal energy through fusion; 99% of the Sun's power is generated in the innermost 24% of its radius, and almost no fusion occurs beyond 30% of the radius. The rest of the Sun is heated by this energy as it is transferred outward through many successive layers ...
Coronal loops have been shown on both active and quiet regions of the solar surface. Active regions on the solar surface take up small areas but produce the majority of activity and are often the source of flares and coronal mass ejections due to the intense magnetic field present. Active regions produce 82% of the total coronal heating energy ...
The sun is growing more active than scientists predicted. About every 11 years, the sun's magnetic fields flip, increasing solar activity. That activity can disrupt radio communications and GPS ...
Bipolar active regions that violate Hale's law are known as anti-Hale regions. Estimates of the percentage of bipolar active regions that violate Hale's law have ranged from 2 to 9%. [5] [6] Small, weak, ephemeral active regions violate Hale's law more frequently than average with a relative number around 40%. In contrast, only 4% of medium to ...
Sunspot AR3664 visible on the bottom right part of the Earth-facing side of the sun on May 9, 2024. ... "Rapid changes in the magnetic field alignment of sunspot groups' associated active regions ...
A solar flare is a relatively intense, localized emission of electromagnetic radiation in the Sun's atmosphere. Flares occur in active regions and are often, but not always, accompanied by coronal mass ejections, solar particle events, and other eruptive solar phenomena. The occurrence of solar flares varies with the 11-year solar cycle.