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According to Stevens' definition, a loudness of 1 sone is equivalent to 40 phons (a 1 kHz tone at 40 dB SPL). [1] The phons scale aligns with dB, not with loudness, so the sone and phon scales are not proportional. Rather, the loudness in sones is, at least very nearly, a power law function of the signal intensity, with an exponent of 0.3.
The phon is a logarithmic unit of loudness level for tones and complex sounds. Loudness is measured in sones , a linear unit. Human sensitivity to sound is variable across different frequencies ; therefore, although two different tones may present an identical sound pressure to a human ear, they may be psychoacoustically perceived as differing ...
Historically sone (loudness N) and phon (loudness level L N) units have been used to measure loudness. [ 11 ] A-weighting follows human sensitivity to sound and describes relative perceived loudness for at quiet to moderate speech levels, around 40 phons .
Quantity Unit Remarks Name Symbol Definition Name Symbol period, periodic time: T: time of one cycle: second: s: frequency: f, ν: f = 1/T: hertz: Hz: 1 Hz = 1 s −1: loudness level: L N: L N = ln(p eff /p 0) 1 kHz where p eff is the root-mean-square value of the sound pressure of a pure tone of 1 kHz, which is judged by a normal observer under standardized listening conditions as being as ...
The unit of measurement for loudness levels is the phon and is arrived at by reference to equal-loudness contours. By definition, two sine waves of differing frequencies are said to have equal-loudness level measured in phons if they are perceived as equally loud by the average young person without significant hearing impairment.
phon-sound Greek φωνή (phōnḗ) phonograph, symphony phos-of or pertaining to light or its chemical properties, now historic and used rarely. See the common root phot-below. Greek φῶς, φᾰ́ος, φωτ- (phôs, pháos), light phosphene: phot-of or pertaining to light Greek φωτω-(phōtō-), < φῶς (phôs), light photopathy
A graph of the A-, B-, C- and D-weightings across the frequency range 10 Hz – 20 kHz Video illustrating A-weighting by analyzing a sine sweep (contains audio). A-weighting is a form of frequency weighting and the most commonly used of a family of curves defined in the International standard IEC 61672:2003 and various national standards relating to the measurement of sound pressure level. [1]
Sound is defined as "(a) Oscillation in pressure, stress, particle displacement, particle velocity, etc., propagated in a medium with internal forces (e.g., elastic or viscous), or the superposition of such propagated oscillation.