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Unary coding, [nb 1] or the unary numeral system and also sometimes called thermometer code, is an entropy encoding that represents a natural number, n, with a code of length n + 1 ( or n), usually n ones followed by a zero (if natural number is understood as non-negative integer) or with n − 1 ones followed by a zero (if natural number is understood as strictly positive integer).
The unary numeral system is the simplest numeral system to represent natural numbers: [1] to represent a number N, a symbol representing 1 is repeated N times. [ 2 ] In the unary system, the number 0 (zero) is represented by the empty string , that is, the absence of a symbol.
Turbo coding is an iterated soft-decoding scheme that combines two or more relatively simple convolutional codes and an interleaver to produce a block code that can perform to within a fraction of a decibel of the Shannon limit.
A diagram showing how manipulating the least significant bits of a color can have a very subtle and generally unnoticeable effect on the color. In this diagram, green is represented by its RGB value, both in decimal and in binary. The red box surrounding the last two bits illustrates the least significant bits changed in the binary representation.
In data compression, a universal code for integers is a prefix code that maps the positive integers onto binary codewords, with the additional property that whatever the true probability distribution on integers, as long as the distribution is monotonic (i.e., p(i) ≥ p(i + 1) for all positive i), the expected lengths of the codewords are ...
Error-correcting codes are used in lower-layer communication such as cellular network, high-speed fiber-optic communication and Wi-Fi, [11] [12] as well as for reliable storage in media such as flash memory, hard disk and RAM. [13] Error-correcting codes are usually distinguished between convolutional codes and block codes:
A binary-to-text encoding is encoding of data in plain text.More precisely, it is an encoding of binary data in a sequence of printable characters.These encodings are necessary for transmission of data when the communication channel does not allow binary data (such as email or NNTP) or is not 8-bit clean.
It takes 3 bits to encode n using straightforward binary encoding, hence 2 3 − n = 8 − 5 = 3 are unused.. In numerical terms, to send a value x, where 0 ≤ x < n, and where there are 2 k ≤ n < 2 k+1 symbols, there are u = 2 k+1 − n unused entries when the alphabet size is rounded up to the nearest power of two.