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According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, Cologne was a center of Jewish learning, and the "wise of Cologne" are frequently mentioned in rabbinical literature. [48] A characteristic of the Talmudic authorities of that city was their liberality. Many liturgical poems still in the Ashkenazic ritual were composed by poets of Cologne.
An 1806 French print depicts Napoleon Bonaparte emancipating the Jews. Jewish emancipation was the process in various nations in Europe of eliminating Jewish disabilities, to which European Jews were then subject, and the recognition of Jews as entitled to equality and citizenship rights. [1]
Jewish Texans have been a part of the history of Texas since the first European explorers arrived in the region in the 16th century. [1] In 1990, there were around 108,000 adherents to Judaism in Texas. [1] More recent estimates place the number at around 120,000. [1]
The Zionist Federation of Germany (German: Zionistische Vereinigung für Deutschland) also known as the Zionist Association for Germany was a Zionist organisation in Germany that was formed in 1897 in Cologne by Max Bodenheimer, together with David Wolffsohn and Fabius Schach. [1]
The social emancipation of the Jew is the emancipation of society from Judaism." [3] According to Otto Dov Kulka [4] of Hebrew University, the term became widespread in the 19th century when it was used in discussions about Jewish emancipation in Germany (Judenfrage). [1]
The Jewish community in Cologne has the longest history in Germany, being first mentioned in 321. Expelled in 1424, the Jews did not return to Cologne until 1798. In 1815 the community numbered 150, growing to 8000 in 1895, and 18,281 by 1933, [2] the largest in Germany after Berlin. [3]
For more than one-and-a-half centuries, the Juneteenth holiday has been sacred to many Black communities. It marks the day in 1865 enslaved people in Galveston, Texas found out they had been freed ...
Magnus, Shulamit S. Jewish emancipation in a German city: Cologne, 1798-1871 ( Stanford University Press, 1997). Ragins, Sanford. Jewish Responses to Anti-Semitism in Germany, 1870-1914: A Study in the History of Ideas (ISD, 1980.