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In set theory, an ordinal number, or ordinal, is a generalization of ordinal numerals (first, second, n th, etc.) aimed to extend enumeration to infinite sets. [ 1 ] A finite set can be enumerated by successively labeling each element with the least natural number that has not been previously used.
Ordinal indicator – Character(s) following an ordinal number (used when writing ordinal numbers, such as a super-script) Ordinal number – Generalization of "n-th" to infinite cases (the related, but more formal and abstract, usage in mathematics) Ordinal data, in statistics; Ordinal date – Date written as number of days since first day of ...
In the mathematical field of set theory, ordinal arithmetic describes the three usual operations on ordinal numbers: addition, multiplication, and exponentiation. Each can be defined in essentially two different ways: either by constructing an explicit well-ordered set that represents the result of the operation or by using transfinite recursion .
R – real numbers. ran – range of a function. rank – rank of a matrix. (Also written as rk.) Re – real part of a complex number. [2] (Also written.) resp – respectively. RHS – right-hand side of an equation. rk – rank. (Also written as rank.) RMS, rms – root mean square. rng – non-unital ring. rot – rotor of a vector field.
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Any ordinal number can be turned into a topological space by using the order topology. When viewed as a topological space, ω 1 {\displaystyle \omega _{1}} is often written as [ 0 , ω 1 ) {\displaystyle [0,\omega _{1})} , to emphasize that it is the space consisting of all ordinals smaller than ω 1 {\displaystyle \omega _{1}} .
A Gödel numbering is a function mapping the set of well-formed formulae (a finite sequence of symbols on which the ordinal notation function is defined) of some formal language to the natural numbers. This associates each well-formed formula with a unique natural number, called its Gödel number.
For example, the smallest limit ordinal is ω, the smallest ordinal greater than every natural number. This is a limit ordinal because for any smaller ordinal (i.e., for any natural number) n we can find another natural number larger than it (e.g. n+1), but still less than ω. The next-smallest limit ordinal is ω+ω.