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Brian P. Irwin argues that "Baal" in northern Israelite traditions is a form of Yahweh that was rejected as foreign by the prophets. In southern Israelite traditions, "Baal" was a god that was worshipped in Jerusalem. His worshippers saw him as compatible or identical with Yahweh and honored him with human sacrifices and fragrant meal offerings.
Yahweh [a] was an ancient Levantine deity worshiped in Israel and Judah as the primary deity of the polytheistic religion of Yahwism. [4] [5] Though no consensus exists regarding the deity's origins, [6] scholars generally contend that he is associated with Seir, Edom, Paran and Teman, [7] and later with Canaan.
Worship of Baal and Yahweh coexisted in the early period of Israel's history, but they were considered irreconcilable after the 9th century BCE, following the efforts of King Ahab and his queen Jezebel to elevate Baal to the status of national god, [41] although the cult of Baal did continue for some time. [42]
The main characters of the Baal Cycle are as follows: [3] Baal, the storm god and protagonist, whose abode is on the Syrian mountain Mount Zaphon; Yam, the sea god and primary antagonist of Baal in the first two tablets of the Baal Cycle; Mot, the underworld god and primary antagonist of Baal in the last two tablets; Anat, sister and major ally ...
In Judaism "Sons of God" usually refers to the righteous, i.e. the children of Seth. Angels: All of the earliest sources interpret the "sons of God" as angels. From the third century BCE onwards, references are found in the Enochic literature , the Dead Sea Scrolls (the Genesis Apocryphon , the Damascus Document , 4Q180), Jubilees , the ...
Arsu, god of the evening star and twin brother of Azizos. Asherah, queen consort of El (Ugaritic religion), Elkunirša (Hittite religion), Yahweh (Israelite religion), Amurru (Amorite religion), Anu (Akkadian religion) and 'Amm (Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia) [13] Symbolized by an Asherah pole in the Hebrew Bible. Ashima, goddess of fate.
The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities in Ancient Israel [1] is a book on the history of ancient Israelite religion by Mark S. Smith, Skirball Professor of Bible and Ancient Near Eastern Studies at New York University. The revised 2002 edition contains revisions to the original 1990 edition in light of intervening archaeological ...
In the twentieth century, the philosopher Martin Buber proposed that "Moloch" referred to "Melekh Yahweh". [46] A similar view was later expressed by T. Römer (1999). [47] Brian Schmidt, however, argues that the mention of Baal in Jeremiah 32:35 suggests that "the ruler" could have instead referred to Baal. [10]