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Imidazole is a planar 5-membered ring, that exists in two equivalent tautomeric forms because hydrogen can be bound to one or another nitrogen atom. Imidazole is a highly polar compound, as evidenced by its electric dipole moment of 3.67 D, [12] and is highly soluble in water.
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s). [1] Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles .
Simple aromatic rings can be heterocyclic if they contain non-carbon ring atoms, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. They can be monocyclic as in benzene, bicyclic as in naphthalene, or polycyclic as in anthracene. Simple monocyclic aromatic rings are usually five-membered rings like pyrrole or six-membered rings like pyridine.
Nitroimidazoles are the group of organic compounds consisting of an imidazole ring with at least one nitro group substituent. The term also refers to the class of antibiotics that have nitroimidazole in their structures. [2] These antibiotics commonly include the 5-nitroimidazole positional isomer.
2-Imidazoline (Preferred IUPAC name: 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole) is one of three isomers of the nitrogen-containing heterocycle imidazoline, with the formula C 3 H 6 N 2.The 2-imidazolines are the most common imidazolines commercially, as the ring exists in some natural products and some pharmaceuticals.
The numbering of ring atoms in azoles starts with the heteroatom that is not part of a double bond, and then proceeds towards the other heteroatom. Imidazole and other five-membered aromatic heterocyclic systems with two nitrogens are extremely common in nature and form the core of many biomolecules, such as histidine.
In nature, imidazole alkaloids are found both as secondary plant compounds and as byproducts of histidine metabolism in marine organisms. One well-known imidazole alkaloid is pilocarpine , which is present in the leaves of Paraguay jaborandi .
Imidazothiazoles are a class of chemical compounds containing a bicyclic heterocycle (a double ring system) consisting of an imidazole ring fused to a thiazole ring. [1] The structure contains three non-carbon or heteroatoms: two nitrogen atoms and one sulfur atom.