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Personal data, also known as personal information or personally identifiable information (PII), [1] [2] [3] is any information related to an identifiable person.. The abbreviation PII is widely used in the United States, but the phrase it abbreviates has four common variants based on personal or personally, and identifiable or identifying.
According to the GDPR, pseudonymisation is a required process for stored data that transforms personal data in such a way that the resulting data cannot be attributed to a specific data subject without the use of additional information (as an alternative to the other option of complete data anonymisation). [30]
The PDPA establishes a data protection law that comprises various rules governing the collection, use, disclosure and care of personal data. Access to personal data is laid out as part of Part IV, chapter 21 which states that on request of an individual, an organization shall, as soon as reasonably possible, provide the individual with: [9]
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a European Union regulation that specifies standards for data protection and electronic privacy in the European Economic Area, and the rights of European citizens to control the processing and distribution of personally-identifiable information.
Brazil's General Personal Data Protection Law (LGPD) became law on September 18, 2020. The law's primary aim is to unify 40 different Brazilian laws that regulate the processing of personal data. The bill has 65 articles and has many similarities to the GDPR. [48]
GDPR Data Protection by Design and by Default principles as embodied in pseudonymization require protection of both direct and indirect identifiers so that personal data is not cross-referenceable (or re-identifiable) via the "Mosaic Effect" [15] without access to “additional information” that is kept separately by the controller. Because ...
The Act prohibits transfer of personal data to countries with privacy protection standards that are lower than those outlined in the general data protection rules. [80] The Personal Data Protection Commission is responsible for enforcing the Act, which is based primarily on a complaints-based system. [78]
About the rights of individuals e.g. [13] personal data shall be processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects (individuals). Appropriate technical and organisational measures shall be taken against unauthorised or unlawful processing of personal data and against accidental loss or destruction of, or damage to, personal data.