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The open-circuit saturation curve (also open-circuit characteristic, OCC) of a synchronous generator is a plot of the output open circuit voltage as a function of the excitation current or field. The curve is typically plotted alongside the synchronous impedance curve .
Paschen's law is an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is, the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of pressure and gap length. [2] [3] It is named after Friedrich Paschen who discovered it empirically in 1889. [4]
The maximum load is the one that draws the greatest current, i.e. the lowest specified load resistance (never short circuit); is the voltage at minimum load. The minimum load is the one that draws the least current, i.e. the highest specified load resistance (possibly open circuit for some types of linear supplies, usually limited by pass ...
Another way to avoid the transformer inrush current is a "transformer switching relay". This does not need time for cool down. It can also deal with power-line half-wave voltage dips and is short-circuit-proof. This technique is important for IEC 61000-4-11 tests. Another option, particularly for high-voltage circuits, is to use a pre-charge ...
An I–V curve which is a straight line through the origin with positive slope represents a linear or ohmic resistor, the most common type of resistance encountered in circuits. It obeys Ohm's law; the current is proportional to the applied voltage over a wide range. Its resistance, equal to the reciprocal of the slope of the line, is constant ...
In a synchronous generator, [1] the short circuit ratio is the ratio of field current required to produce rated armature voltage at the open circuit to the field current required to produce the rated armature current at short circuit. [1] [2] This ratio can also be expressed as an inverse of the saturated [3] direct-axis synchronous reactance ...
The load line, usually a straight line, represents the response of the linear part of the circuit, connected to the nonlinear device in question. The points where the characteristic curve and the load line intersect are the possible operating point (s) ( Q points ) of the circuit; at these points the current and voltage parameters of both parts ...
Capability curve of an electrical generator describes the limits of the active and reactive power that the generator can provide. The curve represents a boundary of all operating points in the MW/MVAr plane; it is typically drawn with the real power on the horizontal axis, and, for the synchronous generator , resembles a letter D in shape, thus ...