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A fire class is a system of categorizing fire with regard to the type of material and fuel for combustion.Class letters are often assigned to the different types of fire [1], but these differ between territories; there are separate standards for the United States (NFPA 10 Chapter 5.2.1-5.2.5), Europe (DIN EN2 Classification of fires (European Standard) ISO3941 Classification of fires ...
Some metals, such as elemental lithium, will react explosively with water so water-based chemicals are not used on such fires. Most class D extinguishers will have a special low-velocity nozzle or discharge wand to gently apply the agent in large volumes to avoid disrupting any finely divided burning materials.
Class-D fires include combustible or pyrophoric metals, such as potassium, uranium, sodium, lithium, calcium, and plutonium. The most common fires that occur in Class D are fueled by magnesium and titanium. The recommended method to extinguish a Class-D fire is to use a dry powder fire extinguisher, which smothers the fire while absorbing heat. [9]
Dry chemical powder is used on all classes of fires. Dry chemical powder puts out the fire by coating the burning material with a thin layer of dust, thereby separating the fuel from the oxygen in the air. The powder also works to interrupt the chemical reaction of fire, so these extinguishers are extremely effective at putting out the fire.
With the number of fires caused by lithium batteries soaring across the U.S., firefighters say the training needed to fight them effectively is lagging in many places.
Purple-K, also known as PKP, is a dry-chemical fire suppression agent used in some dry chemical fire extinguishers. [1] It is the second most effective dry chemical in fighting class B (flammable liquid) fires after Monnex (potassium allophanate), and can be used against some energized electrical equipment fires (USA class C fires). [2]