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The Qing dynasty (/ tʃ ɪ ŋ / CHING), officially the Great Qing, [b] was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history , the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China .
The three principal ethnic groups in the Later Jin society were the Manchus, Han and Mongols. The country had many other smaller ethnic groups, such as the Xibe, Daur, Russians, [2] Nanai [2] and Evenks (such as Solon). Prior to the Qing dynasty, each group had a significantly distinct culture and language/dialect.
It also inspired the ethnic minorities in Guizhou to revolt. [1] Millenarianism was an influence especially on the non-ethnic Miao participants. [4] The rebellion started in March 1854, when "Yang Yuanbao, a farmer of the Buyi ethnic group from Dushan County, led hundreds of people to revolt". By May 1854, the Qing army had "brutally suppressed ...
Painting of the Qing army facing the Panthay Rebellion in Yunnan. The Qing military used a five-color flag. After the Wuchang uprising, the Qing dynasty was replaced by the Republic of China. Prior to the adoption of the five-colored flag by the Republic, several different flags were promoted by the revolutionaries.
The Panthay Rebellion (1856–1873), also known as the Du Wenxiu Rebellion (Tu Wen-hsiu Rebellion), was a rebellion of the Muslim Hui people and other (Muslim as well as non-Muslim) ethnic groups against the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in southwestern Yunnan Province, as part of a wave of Hui-led multi-ethnic unrest.
The Qing dynasty altered its law on intermarriage between Han civilians and Manchu bannermen several times in the dynasty. At the beginning of the Qing dynasty, the Qing allowed Han civilians to marry Manchu women. Then the Qing banned civilians from marrying women from the Eight banners later.
The Qing dynasty was founded not by Han Chinese, who constitute the majority of the Chinese population, but by the Manchu, descendants of a sedentary farming people known as the Jurchen, a Tungusic people who lived around the region now comprising the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang. [6]
Many "Yeren Jurchens", like the Nivkh (speaking a language isolate), Negidai, Nanai, Oroqen and many Evenks, are today considered distinct ethnic groups. The Jurchens are chiefly known for producing the Jin (1115–1234) and Qing (1644–1912) conquest dynasties on the Chinese territory.