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Violence was common in Viking Age Norway. An examination of Norwegian human remains from the Viking Age found that 72% of the examined males and 42% of the examined females had suffered weapon-related injuries. Violence was less common in Viking Age Denmark, where society was more centralized and complex than the clan-based Norwegian society. [217]
[note 10] With Sithric in Dublin and Ragnall in York, a Dublin-York axis developed which would have influence on both England and Ireland for the next half-century. [40] Map showing the major Norse settlements in Ireland in the 10th Century. A new and more intensive period of Viking settlement in Ireland began in 914.
Viking expansion was the historical movement which led Norse explorers, traders and warriors, the latter known in modern scholarship as Vikings, to sail most of the North Atlantic, reaching south as far as North Africa and east as far as Russia, and through the Mediterranean as far as Constantinople and the Middle East, acting as looters, traders, colonists and mercenaries.
The Norse–Gaels originated in Viking colonies of Ireland and Scotland, the descendants of intermarriage between Norse immigrants and the Gaels. As early as the 9th century, many colonists (except the Norse who settled in Cumbria ) intermarried with native Gaels and adopted the Gaelic language as well as many Gaelic customs.
Denmark has 250 runestones, and Norway has 50. [2] There are also runestones in other areas reached by the Viking expansion, especially in the British Isles. [3] Most of these were on the Isle of Man where 31 from the Viking era have been found. Four have also been discovered in England, fewer than eight in Scotland and one or two in Ireland. [4]
Rathlin Island. In the year 795 Vikings (probably of Norwegian origin) raided islands off the coast of Ireland for the first time. [1] This was the beginning of a new phase of Irish history, which saw many native communities – particularly ecclesiastical ones – relocate themselves on the continent, or further afield in places like Iceland and the Faroe Islands, to escape the pagan marauders.
The Viking Age is the term denoting the years from about 700 to 1100 in European history. It was a formative period in Scandinavian history. Norse people explored Europe by its oceans and rivers through trade and warfare. They also reached Iceland, Faroe Islands, Greenland, Newfoundland, and Anatolia. This category lists towns and settlements ...
A history of Norway (Princeton University Press, 1967) 576pp online; Loftsgarden, Kjetil. "Mass Production and Mountain Marketplaces in Norway in the Viking and Middle Ages." Medieval Archaeology 64.1 (2020): 94–115 online. Lucas, Colin. "Great Britain and the Union of Norway and Sweden." Scandinavian Journal of History 15.3–4 (1990): 269 ...