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  2. Code injection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_injection

    Injection flaws can be identified through source code examination, [1] Static analysis, or dynamic testing methods such as fuzzing. [2] There are numerous types of code injection vulnerabilities, but most are errors in interpretation—they treat benign user input as code or fail to distinguish input from system commands.

  3. Dynamic application security testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Application...

    The big advantage of these types of tools are that they can scan year-round to be constantly searching for vulnerabilities. With new vulnerabilities being discovered regularly this allows companies to find and patch vulnerabilities before they can become exploited. [3] As a dynamic testing tool, web scanners are not language-dependent.

  4. Attack patterns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_patterns

    Exploitable Vulnerability This field indicates the specific type of vulnerability that creates the attack opportunity in the first place. An example of this in an Integer Overflow attack would be that the integer-based input field is not checking size of the value of the incoming data to ensure that the target variable is capable of managing ...

  5. Common Vulnerability Scoring System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerability...

    The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is a technical standard for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in computing systems. Scores are calculated based on a formula with several metrics that approximate ease and impact of an exploit. Scores range from 0 to 10, with 10 being the most severe.

  6. Static application security testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_application...

    The earlier a vulnerability is fixed in the SDLC, the cheaper it is to fix. Costs to fix in development are 10 times lower than in testing, and 100 times lower than in production. [18] SAST tools run automatically, either at the code level or application-level and do not require interaction.

  7. Heap spraying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_spraying

    If the exploit succeeds in redirecting control flow to the sprayed heap, the bytes there will be executed, allowing the exploit to perform whatever actions the attacker wants. Therefore, the bytes on the heap are restricted to represent valid addresses within the heap spray itself, holding valid instructions for the target architecture, so the ...

  8. Cross-site scripting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_scripting

    The non-persistent (or reflected) cross-site scripting vulnerability is by far the most basic type of web vulnerability. [10] These holes show up when the data provided by a web client, [ 11 ] most commonly in HTTP query parameters (e.g. HTML form submission), is used immediately by server-side scripts to parse and display a page of results for ...

  9. Black-box testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-box_testing

    Black-box testing, sometimes referred to as specification-based testing, [1] is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application without peering into its internal structures or workings. This method of test can be applied virtually to every level of software testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance.