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Ambrosia artemisiifolia pollen. Ragweed pollen is a common allergen. A single plant may produce about a billion grains of pollen per season, [11] [12] and the pollen is transported on the wind. It causes about half of all cases of pollen-associated allergic rhinitis in North America, where ragweeds are most abundant and diverse. [8]
Widespread seed dispersal occurs when its spiny burs fall off the plant and are carried to new habitat by people, animals, machinery, or flowing water. The plant is destructive to native and crop plants because it easily outcompetes them for light. [5] Herbicide resistant giant ragweed populations were first identified in the late 1990s. [10]
The species name, artemisiifolia, is given because the leaves were thought to bear a resemblance to the leaves of Artemisia, the true wormwoods. It has also been called the common names: American wormwood, bitterweed, blackweed, carrot weed, hay fever weed, Roman wormwood, short ragweed, stammerwort, stickweed, tassel weed.
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A wide variety of foods can cause allergic reactions, but 90% of allergic responses to foods are caused by cow's milk, soy, eggs, wheat, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish. [41] Other food allergies, affecting less than 1 person per 10,000 population, may be considered "rare". [42]
They freely expel a myriad of these pollen grains, and only a small percentage of them ends up captured by the female floral structures on wind-pollinated plants. [3] They are typically 20–60 micrometres (0.0008–0.0024 in) in diameter, although the pollen grains of Pinus species can be much larger and much less dense. [ 1 ]
Ambrosia psilostachya is a host plant for the caterpillars of Bucculatrix transversata, [13] Cosmopterix opulenta, Exaeretia gracilis, Gnorimoschema saphirinella, [14] Schinia sexplagiata; the beetles Calligrapha disrupta, Calligrapha suturalis; [15] and the grasshopper Spharagemon collare. [16]
The gills of most teleost fish help to eliminate ammonia from the body, and fish live surrounded by water, but most still have a distinct bladder for storing waste fluid. The urinary bladder of teleosts is permeable to water, though this is less true for freshwater dwelling species than saltwater species.