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Most automatic irrigation valves are diaphragm valves in which the water above the diaphragm must be discharged for the valve to open. In a hydraulic system, the controller and valves are connected via small plastic tubes approximately 4 mm (¼ in) in diameter. The controller opens the tube connected to the valve, allowing that valve to open.
Hozelock was floated in 1993, but CVC took the company private again in 1999 for £85m after a succession of wet summers and stock market turmoil halved the company's share price. [1] In 2009 the brand agency Haines McGregor was engaged to help develop the European positioning for the brand.
Although manual systems are still used, most lawn sprinkler systems may be operated automatically using an irrigation controller, sometimes called a clock or timer. Most automatic systems employ electric solenoid valves. Each zone has one or more of these valves that are wired to the controller.
A coiled garden hose. A garden hose, hosepipe, or simply hose is a flexible tube used to convey water.There are a number of common attachments available for the end of the hose, such as sprayers and sprinklers (which are used to concentrate water at one point or to spread it over a large area).
The system is now universally used by gardeners throughout the world. The Hozelock brand adapters are typically available with BSP threads . There are two different sizes of the connectors available, with the larger one being rare and mainly used on + 3 ⁄ 4 -inch hoses.
A working system should not generate further trapped gas. Air may be drawn in if there is a small leak, or dissolved air in make-up water may come out of solution, but this generally indicates a system leak if new water is needing to be added. The most likely cause of continual gas bleeding is hydrogen, rather than air. [2]
Since most air-conditioning and water distribution systems only reach peak load for limited periods, energy is wasted by continually running the pumps at a fixed speed. In variable-flow hydronic systems, reducing pump speed or staging of pumps with boilers and chillers to suit part-load conditions is an energy efficient method of control. [5]
These systems are commonly found in rural areas where public sewers are not available, and may be used for a single residence or for a small group of homes. Unlike the traditional septic system, the aerobic treatment system produces a high quality secondary effluent, which can be sterilized and used for surface irrigation.