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A β-lactam (beta-lactam) ring is a four-membered lactam. [1] A lactam is a cyclic amide, and beta-lactams are named so because the nitrogen atom is attached to the β-carbon atom relative to the carbonyl. The simplest β-lactam possible is 2-azetidinone. β-lactams are significant structural units of medicines as manifested in many β-lactam ...
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
Even more effective is a mixture of lithium aluminium hydride and aluminium trichloride, a source of "AlClH 2" and "AlCl 2 H". [3] Azetidine can also be produced by a multistep route from 3-amino-1-propanol. [4] Regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of 2-arylazetidines could be performed from appropriately substituted oxiranes via ring ...
The β-lactam core structures. (A) A penam.(B) A carbapenam.(C) An oxapenam.(D) A penem.(E) A carbapenem.(F) A monobactam.(G) A cephem.(H) A carbacephem.(I) An oxacephem. This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics—both administered drugs and those not in clinical use—organized by structural class.
The active site is located in a long cleft running parallel with the 3 strand across the lower part of the transpeptidase domain. When carbenicillin binds to penicillin binding protein 3, it forms an acyl-enzyme complex which means the β-lactam is chemically attached to PBP3. The β-lactams are covalently bound to S294 which inactivates the ...
The Staudinger synthesis, also called the Staudinger ketene-imine cycloaddition, is a chemical synthesis in which an imine 1 reacts with a ketene 2 through a non-photochemical 2+2 cycloaddition to produce a β-lactam 3. [1] The reaction carries particular importance in the synthesis of β-lactam antibiotics. [2]
From an avoided double redirect: This is a redirect from an alternative title or related topic of 2-Azetidinone, another redirect to the same title. Because double redirects are disallowed, both pages currently point to Β-Lactam .
Unlike the case of beta-lactam antibiotics, the inhibitors act as suicide substrates (tazobactam and sulbactam) which ultimately leads to the degradation of the beta-lactamase. [7] Avibactam on the other hand does not contain a beta-lactam ring (non beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor), and instead binds reversibly. [8] [9]