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Joseph Dwelleth in Egypt painted by James Jacques Joseph Tissot, c. 1900. Biblical Egypt (Hebrew: מִצְרַיִם; Mīṣrāyīm), or Mizraim, is a theological term used by historians and scholars to differentiate between Ancient Egypt as it is portrayed in Judeo-Christian texts and what is known about the region based on archaeological evidence.
"So, King of Egypt" is mentioned in 2 Kings 17:4, where king Hoshea is said to have sent him a letter. No pharaoh of this name is known for the time of Hoshea (about 730 BC), during which Egypt had three dynasties ruling contemporaneously: 22nd at Tanis, 23rd at Leontopolis, and 24th at Sais.
The meaning of the name remains uncertain although it appears to be of an Egyptian origin. Biblical scholar John L. McKenzie refers the name to T-h-p-nhsj meaning Fortress of the Nubian, while William Albright adds it means Fortress of Pinehas. [3] Daressy and Spiegelberg connect the name with the hieroglyphic word Tephen. [4] [5]
Pharaoh (/ ˈ f ɛər oʊ /, US also / ˈ f eɪ. r oʊ /; [4] Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; [note 1] Coptic: ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ, romanized: Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: פַּרְעֹה Parʿō) [5] is the vernacular term often used for the monarchs of ancient Egypt, who ruled from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BCE) until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE. [6]
Mizraim is the Hebrew cognate of a common Semitic source word for the land now known as Egypt. It is similar to Miṣr in modern Arabic, Misri in the 14th century B.C. Akkadian Amarna tablets, [2] Mṣrm in Ugaritic, [3] Mizraim in Neo-Babylonian texts, [4] and Mu-ṣur in neo-Assyrian Akkadian (as seen on the Rassam cylinder). [5]
Shishak, also spelled Shishaq or Susac (Hebrew: שִׁישַׁק, romanized: Šīšaq, Tiberian: , Ancient Greek: Σουσακίμ, romanized: Sousakim), was, according to the Hebrew Bible, an Egyptian pharaoh who sacked Jerusalem in the 10th century BC. He is usually identified with the pharaoh Shoshenq I. [1]
Pithom (Ancient Egyptian: pr-jtm; Biblical Hebrew: פִּתֹם, romanized: Pīṯōm; Koinē Greek: Ἡρώπόλις, romanized: Hērṓpólis or Ἡρώωνπόλις Hērṓōnpólis, [2] and Πατούμος Patoúmos) was an ancient city of Egypt. References in the Hebrew Bible and ancient Greek and Roman sources [3] exist for this city ...
He built extensively in Lower Egypt for a king of the Third Intermediate Period and is regarded as one of the most powerful rulers of the Twenty-first Dynasty after Psusennes I. Siamun's prenomen, Netjerkheperre-Setepenamun, means "Divine is The Manifestation of Ra , Chosen of Amun " [ 1 ] while his name means 'son of Amun.' [ 2 ]