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The 42nd Amendment added new Directive Principles, viz. Article 39A, Article 43A and Article 48A. [17] The 42nd Amendment gave primacy to the Directive Principles, by stating that "no law implementing any of the Directive Principles could be declared unconstitutional on the grounds that it violated any of the Fundamental Rights".
Union of India case, Supreme Court ruled that 42nd Amendment Act to the Article 31C is not valid and ultra vires. Articles 38 (2), was added by the Forty-fourth Amendment Act, 1978 of the Constitution; Articles 39A, which directs the state to secure Equal justice and free legal aid, was added by the Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976 of the ...
Article 31C, added by the 25th Amendment in 1971, provided that any law made to give effect to the Directive Principles in Article 39(b)–(c) would not be invalid on the grounds that they derogated from the Fundamental Rights conferred by Articles 14, 19 and 21.
Preamble, [51] with the words "socialist", "secular" and 'integrity' added in 1976 by the 42nd amendment [52] [53] Part I [54] – The Union and its Territory – Articles 1 to 4; Part II – Citizenship – Articles 5 to 11; Part III – Fundamental Rights – Articles 12 to 35; Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy – Articles 36 ...
How long does it take to ratify a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution? The First and 27th amendments had very different paths.
By a verdict of 4-1, with Justice P. N. Bhagwati dissenting, the court held section 4 of the 42nd Amendment to be unconstitutional. [3] Chief Justice Chandrachud wrote: Three Articles of our Constitution, and only three, stand between the heaven of freedom into which Tagore wanted his country to awake and the abyss of unrestrained power.
Section 2(a) and 2(b) of the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1971 is valid. The first part of section 3 of the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1971 is valid. The second part namely "and no law containing a declaration that it is for giving effect to such policy shall be called in question in any court on the ground that it ...
On 29 November 1948, the Constituent Assembly debated the first version of Article 51 as Article 40 of the revised Draft Constitution, 1948. [2] Draft Article 40 read: The State shall promote international peace and security by the prescription of open, just and honourable relations between nations, by the firm establishment of the understandings of international law as the actual rule of ...