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Fermat's little theorem and some proofs; Gödel's completeness theorem and its original proof; Mathematical induction and a proof; Proof that 0.999... equals 1; Proof that 22/7 exceeds π; Proof that e is irrational; Proof that π is irrational; Proof that the sum of the reciprocals of the primes diverges
The definition of a formal proof is intended to capture the concept of proofs as written in the practice of mathematics. The soundness of this definition amounts to the belief that a published proof can, in principle, be converted into a formal proof. However, outside the field of automated proof assistants, this is rarely done in practice.
Pages which contain only proofs (of claims made in other articles) should be placed in the subcategory Category:Article proofs. Pages which contain theorems and their proofs should be placed in the subcategory Category:Articles containing proofs. Articles related to automatic theorem proving should be placed in Category:Automated theorem proving.
This allows using them in any area of mathematics, without having to recall their definition. For example, if one encounters R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } in combinatorics , one should immediately know that this denotes the real numbers , although combinatorics does not study the real numbers (but it uses them for many proofs).
The same term can also be used more informally to refer to something "standard" or "classic". For example, one might say that Euclid's proof is the "canonical proof" of the infinitude of primes. There are two canonical proofs that are always used to show non-mathematicians what a mathematical proof is like:
This is a list of unusually long mathematical proofs. Such proofs often use computational proof methods and may be considered non-surveyable. As of 2011, the longest mathematical proof, measured by number of published journal pages, is the classification of finite simple groups with well over 10000 pages. There are several proofs that would be ...
List of mathematical proofs; ... Most of the results below come from pure mathematics, but some are from theoretical physics, economics, and other applied fields.
In logic and mathematics, a formal proof or derivation is a finite sequence of sentences (known as well-formed formulas when relating to formal language), each of which is an axiom, an assumption, or follows from the preceding sentences in the sequence, according to the rule of inference.