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A firestop or fire-stopping is a form of passive fire protection that is used to seal around openings and between joints in a fire-resistance-rated wall or floor assembly. Firestops are designed to maintain the fire-resistance rating of a wall or floor assembly intended to impede the spread of fire and smoke.
Other materials used for fireblocking may include noncombustible materials such as gypsum board, cement board, or mineral fiber insulation blankets [2] [3] [4] Fire blocking is most critical in balloon framing, where a cavity may traverse multiple floors. More modern methods of platform-framing provide inherent fireblocking in most cases, since ...
For building in most parts of North America, where winter heating conditions predominate, vapor barrier are placed toward the interior, heated side of insulation in the assembly. In humid regions where warm-weather cooling predominates within buildings, the vapor barrier should be located toward the exterior side of insulation.
Once the water is spent, the insulation characteristics of the char that remains can retard heat transfer through the fire stop assembly. Soft char products are typically used in thin film intumescent materials for fireproofing protection of structural steel as well as in firestop pillows .
For example, a 4" pipe, with 1" of thermal insulation makes a 6" penetrant (1" pipe covering on each side of the pipe), plus two pipe sizes = an 8" sleeve, creating a 1" annulus. In case of insulated piping, the size of the insulation must be taken into account for the intended firestop certification listing .
A penetration, in firestopping, is an opening, such as one created by the use of a cast-in-place sleeve, in a wall or floor assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating, for the purpose of accommodating the passage of a mechanical, electrical, or structural penetrant. [1] The penetration may or may not contain a firestop system.