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This reversible status can be used to note the temporary invalidity of the certificate (e.g., if the user is unsure if the private key has been lost). If, in this example, the private key was found and nobody had access to it, the status could be reinstated, and the certificate is valid again, thus removing the certificate from future CRLs.
A major new requirement in v2 is that requests for wildcard certificates require the modification of a Domain Name Service TXT record, verifying control over the domain. Changes to ACME v2 protocol since v1 include: [13] The authorization/issuance flow has changed; JWS request authorization has changed
The Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) allows clients to interactively ask a server (an OCSP responder) about a certificate's status, receiving a response that is cryptographically authenticated by the issuing CA. [29] It was designed to address issues with CRLs. [30] A typical OCSP response is less than 1 kB. [31]
In public key infrastructure (PKI) systems, a certificate signing request (CSR or certification request) is a message sent from an applicant to a certificate authority of the public key infrastructure (PKI) in order to apply for a digital identity certificate. The CSR usually contains the public key for which the certificate should be issued ...
A series of incorrectly issued certificates from 2001 onwards [1] [2] damaged trust in publicly trusted certificate authorities, [3] and accelerated work on various security mechanisms, including Certificate Transparency to track misissuance, HTTP Public Key Pinning and DANE to block misissued certificates on the client side, and CAA to block misissuance on the certificate authority side.
The OCSP responder uses the certificate serial number to look up the revocation status of Alice's certificate. The OCSP responder looks in a CA database that Carol maintains. In this scenario, Carol's CA database is the only trusted location where a compromise to Alice's certificate would be recorded.
The Internet Engineering Task Force's RFC 3647 defines an RA as "An entity that is responsible for one or more of the following functions: the identification and authentication of certificate applicants, the approval or rejection of certificate applications, initiating certificate revocations or suspensions under certain circumstances ...
When the site's visitors attempt to connect to the site, this response is included ("stapled") with the TLS/SSL handshake via the Certificate Status Request extension response (note: the TLS client must explicitly include a Certificate Status Request extension in its ClientHello TLS/SSL handshake message). [7]